Since you have decided to become a self-taught electrician, then for sure after a short period of time you will want to make some useful electrical appliance for your home, car or cottage with your own hands. At the same time, homemade products can be useful not only in everyday life, but also made for sale, for example,. In fact, the process of assembling simple devices at home is not difficult. You just need to be able to read diagrams and use a tool for radio amateurs.
As for the first point, before you start making electronic homemade products with your own hands, you need to learn how to read wiring diagrams. In this case, ours will be a good helper.
Of the tools for beginner electricians, you will need a soldering iron, a set of screwdrivers, pliers and a multimeter. To assemble some popular electrical appliances, you may even need a welding machine, but this is a rare case. By the way, in this section of the site we even talked about the same welding machine.
Special attention should be paid to improvised materials, from which every novice electrician will be able to make elementary electronic homemade products with his own hands. Most often, in the manufacture of simple and useful electrical appliances, old domestic parts are used: transformers, amplifiers, wires, etc. In most cases, it is enough for beginner radio amateurs and electricians to look for all the necessary tools in a garage or a barn in the country.
When everything is ready - the tools are assembled, spare parts are found and minimal knowledge is obtained, you can proceed to the assembly of amateur electronic homemade products at home. This is where our little guide will help you. Each instruction provided includes not only detailed description each of the stages of creating electrical appliances, but also accompanied by photo examples, diagrams, as well as video tutorials that clearly show the entire manufacturing process. If you do not understand some point, you can clarify it under the entry in the comments. Our experts will try to advise you in a timely manner!
Every day it becomes more and more, there are many new articles, it is quite difficult for new visitors to immediately orient themselves and revise everything already written and previously posted at once.
I really want to draw the attention of all visitors to individual articles that were posted on the site earlier. In order not to have to look for a long time necessary information I will make several "entry pages" with links to the most interesting and useful articles on selected topics.
Let's call the first such page "Useful electronic homemade products". Here we consider simple electronic circuits that are available for implementation by people of any level of training. The schemes are built using a modern electronic database.
All information in the articles is presented in a very accessible form and in the amount necessary for practical work. Naturally, to implement such circuits, you need to understand at least the basics of electronics.
So, a selection of the most interesting articles on the site on the subject "Useful electronic homemade products". The author of the articles is Boris Aladyshkin.
The modern element base of electronics greatly simplifies circuitry. Even an ordinary twilight switch can now be assembled from just three parts.
The article describes a simple and reliable electric pump control circuit. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water lifting and drainage.
The article presents several schemes of apparatus for spot welding.
With the help of the described design, it is possible to determine whether a mechanism located in another room or building is working or not. The information about the work is the vibration of the mechanism itself.
A story about what a safety transformer is, why it is needed and how you can make it yourself.
Description of a simple device that disconnects the load in the event that the mains voltage is out of range.
The article discusses a simple thermostat circuit using an adjustable zener diode TL431.
An article on how to make a lamp soft start device using the KR1182PM1 chip.
Sometimes, with low voltage in the network or soldering massive parts, it becomes simply impossible to use a soldering iron. This is where a step-up power regulator for a soldering iron can come to the rescue.
Article about what can be replaced mechanical thermostat oil heating radiator.
Description of a simple and reliable thermostat circuit for a heating system.
The article describes the converter circuit made on a modern element base, containing a minimum number of parts and allowing to obtain significant power in the load.
An article about various ways to connect the load to the control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.
Description of a simple scheme for controlling LED garlands.
The design of a simple timer that allows you to turn on and off the load at specified intervals. Working time and pause time are independent of each other.
Description of the scheme and principle of operation of a simple emergency lamp based on an energy-saving lamp.
A detailed story about the popular "laser-iron" manufacturing technology printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.
Schemes of homemade measuring instruments
The circuit of the device, developed on the basis of a classic multivibrator, but instead of load resistors, transistors with the opposite main conductivity are included in the collector circuits of the multivibrator.
It's good if your lab has an oscilloscope. Well, if it is not there and it is not possible to buy it for one reason or another, do not worry. In most cases, it can be successfully replaced by a logic probe, which allows you to control the logical levels of signals at the inputs and outputs of digital integrated circuits, determine the presence of pulses in the controlled circuit and reflect the information received in visual (light-color or digital) or audio (tonal signals of various frequencies). ) forms. When setting up and repairing structures based on digital integrated circuits, it is far from always so necessary to know the characteristics of the pulses or the exact values of the voltage levels. Therefore, logic probes make it easy to set up, even if you have an oscilloscope.
A huge selection of different pulse generator circuits is presented. Some of them form a single pulse at the output, the duration of which does not depend on the duration of the triggering (input) pulse. Such generators are used for a wide variety of purposes: simulating the input signals of digital devices, when checking the performance of digital integrated circuits, the need to supply a certain number of pulses to a device with visual control of processes, etc. Others generate sawtooth and rectangular pulses of various frequencies, duty cycles and amplitude
Repair of various units and devices of low-frequency radio-electronic equipment and technology can be greatly simplified if you use a function generator as an assistant, which makes it possible to investigate the amplitude-frequency characteristics of any low-frequency device, transients and nonlinear characteristics of any analog devices, and also has the ability to generate rectangular pulses. form and simplify the process of setting up digital circuits.
When setting up digital devices, one more device is definitely needed - a pulse generator. An industrial generator is a rather expensive device and is rarely on sale, but its analogue, although not so accurate and stable, can be assembled from available radio elements at home
However, the creation of a sound generator that produces a sinusoidal signal is not an easy and rather painstaking task, especially in terms of adjustment. The fact is that any generator contains at least two elements: an amplifier and a frequency-dependent circuit that determines the frequency of oscillations. It is usually connected between the output and input of the amplifier, creating a positive feedback(POS). In the case of an RF generator, everything is simple - an amplifier on one transistor and an oscillatory circuit that determines the frequency is enough. For the audio frequency range, it is difficult to wind the coil, and its quality factor turns out to be low. Therefore, in the audio frequency range, RC elements are used - resistors and capacitors. They filter the fundamental harmonic of the oscillations rather poorly, and therefore the sinusoidal signal turns out to be distorted, for example, limited in peaks. To eliminate distortion, amplitude stabilization circuits are used that support low level generated signal, when the distortion is not yet noticeable. It is the creation of a good stabilizing circuit that does not distort the sinusoidal signal that causes the main difficulties.
Often, having assembled the structure, the radio amateur sees that the device is not working. After all, a person does not have sense organs that allow him to see an electric current, an electromagnetic field, or processes occurring in electronic circuits. Radio measuring instruments help to do this - the eyes and ears of a radio amateur.
Therefore, some means of testing and checking telephones and loudspeakers, audio frequency amplifiers, various sound recording and sound reproducing devices are needed. Such a tool is amateur radio circuits audio frequency signal generators, or, more simply, a sound generator. Traditionally, it produces a continuous sinusoidal signal, the frequency and amplitude of which can be changed. This allows you to check all ULF stages, find faults, determine the gain, take amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) and much more.
A simple amateur radio home-made prefix is considered that turns your multimeter into a universal device for checking zener diodes and dinistors. PCB drawings available
Many electrical devices you can repair or make new ones with your own hands. For this house, there is always something that can be redone to perform new functions: old Digital Watch, baby car, disused computer and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or redone. For work it is better to have a workshop with tools.
Equipped home craftsman's workshop
Power Supply
Homemade electronic devices need food different voltage. In particular, an adjustable power supply is needed for soldering. Such an opportunity can be provided by the LM-317 microcircuit, which is a voltage stabilizer.
Diagram of an adjustable power supply
Devices based on this circuit allow you to change the output voltage in the range of 1.2-30 V, using a variable resistor P1. The allowable current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the choice of transformer.
Adjustment of the voltmeter is performed by a trimming resistor P2. To do this, set the current to 1 mA at an output voltage of the circuit of 30 V.
The more power is allocated on the microcircuit, the greater the difference between the input and output signals. To reduce heat, it requires a heatsink with a cooler.
A homemade board with an LM-317 chip is placed in a case - a computer power supply. A voltmeter and clamps to the output wires are installed on the front panel made of textolite.
Simple autoprobe
A probe for cars and other purposes should always be at hand at home, in the garage or on the road. The figure below shows a homemade scheme that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V.
The two indication circuits are connected in series to the battery and in parallel to each other. The first one consists of a resistor R1 and an LED HL1, which lights up when checking the voltage. At the same time, the battery is being charged.
Scheme and design: a) a homemade circuit that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V; b) homemade design autoprobe
When the circuit is being tested, current flows from the battery through circuit HL2, R2. At the same time, the HL2 LED lights up. Its brightness will be greater, the lower the resistance of the circuit.
Like all homemade products, a structural probe can be made different ways, for example, put it in a transparent plastic case, which is easy to glue with your own hands.
Such devices are indispensable when repairing an electrical network or a household appliance at home. Crafts can be more complex and have additional features.
Electric appliances for heat treatment of meat products without the use of fuel are made for a small number of servings and can be used at home or in the country. To prepare a shish kebab, with the help of an electric barbecue, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest, standing on the street at the barbecue.
In specialized stores, you can choose any device, but the price decides a lot. If you have the skills to handle electricity, it will be much cheaper to make an electric barbecue with your own hands.
Designs are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated using a spiral with a tungsten or nichrome filament. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.
Typical devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewers with the product around. They are attached to the top. It is advisable to make skewers in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slip down during cooking.
Type of vertical electric grill
For high-quality cooking of a shish kebab with your own hands, skewers should be placed as close as possible to the heater, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not fry, but will dry.
Pieces of the product, no larger than 40 mm in size, are mounted on a skewer, which is placed vertically around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the coil is heated.
The basis of the heater is a heat-resistant ceramic tube, on which a spiral is wound. Mounting at the bottom is done using a special cartridge.
In the round base, special cups are attached to collect fat and a frame that serves to hold the skewers vertically.
Cups are made from stainless steel. From below, they have cruciform protrusions, which are inserted into the slots of the base. Inside they have mounted devices for attaching skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers vertically.
The connection must be strong and at the same time easy to disassemble for cleaning. You can make a common removable tray for all skewers.
The cross section of the supply wire is selected according to the power of the heater (2.5 or 4 mm 2). At home or in the country, there should be a 16 A socket for it.
timer for watering plants
Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of a site from a container to certain time. They can be connected to valves with any capacity.
Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then the old wall clock comes to the rescue, which is in good condition, but is no longer used at home. Small magnets are attached to the ends of the minute and hour hands, and 3 reed switches on the dial.
Timer scheme for watering plants, in which a wall clock is applied
As soon as the hour hand reaches the number 7, and the minute hand reaches 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 hours, the reed switches SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the solenoid valve. After 2 hours, the hands will move to 9 and 12, and the current through the contacts of the reed switches SA1 and SA2 will be supplied to close the valve.
The diagram shows a "rain sensor", which in wet weather closes the transistor VT1 and the valve remains permanently closed. Manual control of the solenoid valve is also provided through the buttons S1 and S2.
The clock can be set to any time the valve is turned on.
Car with remote control
Homemade radio-controlled models capture not only children, but also adults. They can be used to play at home or arrange real competitions in the yard. To assemble with your own hands, you will need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a body.
There is a large assortment on sale, but first of all, you need to decide which machine is best to make. The control panel can be wired or radio controlled.
When choosing parts, you should pay attention to their quality. There should be no notches, inclusions and other mechanical defects on the plastic. The wheels are sold with the chassis and should turn easily. Grip with the surface is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels in this regard are much worse.
It is better for a beginner to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than an internal combustion engine. You can choose any case or make according to your sketch.
The motor, battery and radio unit with antenna are mounted on the chassis of a mini-car. If a kit with accessories is purchased, assembly instructions are included with it.
After installing the parts, the operation of the motor is regulated. The body on the chassis is installed after everything works.
You can assemble mini-copies at home as follows:
- the car is assembled carefully and by common efforts;
- materials of parts of the model may differ from the original;
- small and insignificant details can be omitted.
The model can be made without looping on a certain brand of car. Much depends on finances and the availability of free time. Assembling a mini-car at home with a child is of great educational value.
Work on assembling the car model is carried out according to plan. Some parts need to be bought, but old toys can be used.
The motor must match the weight of the device in terms of power. Fresh batteries or accumulators are used for power.
If you use a special autoconstructor, crafts can be very diverse. Assembly sequence:
- the frame is assembled first;
- the motor is mounted and adjusted;
- a power supply is installed;
- an antenna with a radio unit is fixed;
- wheels are installed and adjusted.
Types of radio-controlled car models
Many homemade tricks are revealed in this video.
Electronic homemade products can make life more comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find a use for old electrical appliances so that they do not gather dust in the pantry without a purpose. Useful do-it-yourself crafts often turn out to be better than factory-made products.
