One of the common hobbies of amateurs and professionals in the field of electronics is the design and manufacture of various homemade products for the home. Electronic homemade products do not require large material and financial costs and can be performed at home, since work with electronics is, for the most part, “clean”. The only exception is the manufacture of various body parts and other mechanical components.

Useful electronic homemade products can be used in all areas of life, from the kitchen to the garage, where many are engaged in improving and repairing car electronic devices.

DIY in the kitchen

Homemade kitchen electronics can be an addition to existing accessories and accessories. Industrial and home-made electric barbecue grills are very popular among residents of apartments.

Another common example of do-it-yourself home-made kitchen products by a home electrician is timers and automatic switching on of lighting above work surfaces, electric ignition of gas burners.

Important! Changing the design of some household appliances, especially gas appliances, can cause "misunderstanding and rejection" of regulatory organizations. In addition, it requires great care and attention.

Electronics in the car

Home-made devices for a car are most widely used among owners of domestic brands of transport, which differ in a minimum number additional features. The following schemes are in great demand:

Sound signaling devices of turns and inclusion of a manual brake;
Operating mode indicator battery and a generator.

More experienced radio amateurs are engaged in equipping their car with parking sensors, electronic window lifters, automatic light sensors for controlling low beam headlights.

Homemade for beginners

Most beginner radio amateurs are engaged in the manufacture of structures that do not require high qualifications. Simple proven designs can serve for a long time and not only for the sake of benefit, but also as a reminder of the technical "growing up" from a novice radio amateur to a professional.

For inexperienced hobbyists, many manufacturers produce ready-made construction kits that contain a printed circuit board and a set of elements. Such kits allow you to develop such skills:

Reading circuit and wiring diagrams;
Correct soldering;
Adjustment and adjustment according to the finished method.

Very common among sets. Digital Watch different versions and degrees of complexity.

As a field of application of knowledge and experience, radio amateurs can design electronic toys using simpler circuits or converting industrial designs to their wishes and capabilities.

Interesting ideas for crafts can be seen in the examples of making radio-electronic crafts from worn out parts of computer technology.

home workshop

For self-construction of radio-electronic devices, a certain minimum of tools, fixtures and measuring instruments :

soldering iron;
Side cutters;
Tweezers;
Screwdriver Set;
pliers;
Multifunction tester (avometer).

On a note. When planning to do electronics with your own hands, you should not immediately take on complex designs and purchase an expensive tool.

Most radio amateurs started their journey with the use of the simplest soldering iron 220V 25-40W, and from the measuring instruments in the home laboratory, the most massive Soviet tester Ts-20 was used. All this is enough for practicing with electricity, acquiring the necessary skills and experience.

It makes no sense for a novice radio amateur to buy an expensive soldering station if there is no necessary experience with a conventional soldering iron. Moreover, the possibility of using the station will not appear soon, but only after the lapse of sometimes quite a long time.

There is also no need for professional measuring equipment. The only serious device that even a novice amateur may need is an oscilloscope. For those already versed in electronics, the oscilloscope is one of the most sought-after measurement tools.

Inexpensive Chinese-made digital instruments can be successfully used as an avometer. With rich functionality, they have high measurement accuracy, ease of use and, importantly, have a built-in module for measuring transistor parameters.

Speaking about the home workshop at homemade, one cannot fail to mention the materials used for soldering. It's solder and flux. The most common solder is the POS-60 alloy, which has a low melting point and provides high soldering reliability. Most of the solders used for soldering various devices are analogues of the mentioned alloy and can be successfully replaced with it.

Ordinary rosin is used as a flux for soldering, but for ease of use it is better to use its solution in ethyl alcohol. Rosin-based fluxes do not require removal from installation after operation, since they are chemically neutral under most operating conditions, and a thin film of rosin formed after evaporation of the solvent (alcohol) exhibits good protective properties.

Important! When soldering electronic components under no circumstances should active fluxes be used. This is especially true of soldering acid (zinc chloride solution), since even under normal conditions such a flux has a destructive effect on thin copper printed conductors.

For tinning highly oxidized leads, it is better to use an active acid-free flux LTI-120, which does not require rinsing.

It is very convenient to work using solder, which includes flux. The solder is made in the form of a thin tube, inside of which there is rosin.

Prototyping boards made of double-sided foil fiberglass, which are produced in a wide range, are well suited for mounting elements.

Security measures

Doing electricity is associated with a risk to health and even life, especially if do-it-yourself electronics are designed with mains power. Homemade electrical devices should not use transformerless AC household power. As a last resort, such devices should be configured by connecting them to the network through an isolation transformer with a transformation ratio equal to one. The voltage at its output will correspond to the mains voltage, but at the same time, reliable galvanic isolation will be provided.

Every day it becomes more and more, there are many new articles, it is quite difficult for new visitors to immediately orient themselves and review everything already written and previously posted at once.

I really want to draw the attention of all visitors to individual articles that were posted on the site earlier. In order not to have to look for a long time necessary information I will make several "entry pages" with links to the most interesting and useful articles on selected topics.

Let's call the first such page "Useful electronic homemade products". Here we consider simple electronic circuits that are available for implementation by people of any level of training. The schemes are built using a modern electronic database.

All information in the articles is presented in a very accessible form and in the amount necessary for practical work. Naturally, to implement such circuits, you need to understand at least the basics of electronics.

So, a selection of the most interesting articles on the site on the subject "Useful electronic homemade products". The author of the articles is Boris Aladyshkin.

The modern element base of electronics greatly simplifies circuitry. Even an ordinary twilight switch can now be assembled from just three parts.

The article describes a simple and reliable electric pump control circuit. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water lifting and drainage.

The article presents several schemes of apparatus for spot welding.

With the help of the described design, it is possible to determine whether a mechanism located in another room or building is working or not. The information about the work is the vibration of the mechanism itself.

A story about what a safety transformer is, why it is needed and how you can make it yourself.

Description of a simple device that disconnects the load in the event of an output mains voltage beyond the allowed limits.

The article discusses a simple thermostat circuit using an adjustable zener diode TL431.

An article on how to make a lamp soft start device using the KR1182PM1 chip.

Sometimes, with low voltage in the network or soldering massive parts, it becomes simply impossible to use a soldering iron. This is where a step-up power regulator for a soldering iron can come to the rescue.

Article about what can be replaced mechanical thermostat oil heating radiator.

Description of a simple and reliable thermostat circuit for a heating system.

The article describes the converter circuit made on a modern element base, containing a minimum number of parts and allowing to obtain significant power in the load.

An article about various ways to connect the load to the control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.

Description of a simple scheme for controlling LED garlands.

The design of a simple timer that allows you to turn on and off the load at specified intervals. Working time and pause time are independent of each other.

Description of the scheme and principle of operation of a simple emergency lamp based on an energy-saving lamp.

A detailed story about the popular "laser-iron" manufacturing technology printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.

Many electrical devices you can repair or make new ones with your own hands. For this house, there is always something that can be converted to perform new functions: an old electronic clock, a children's car, a disused computer, and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or redone. For work it is better to have a workshop with tools.

Equipped home craftsman's workshop

Power Supply

Homemade electronic devices need food different voltage. In particular, an adjustable power supply is needed for soldering. Such an opportunity can be provided by the LM-317 microcircuit, which is a voltage stabilizer.

Diagram of an adjustable power supply

Devices based on this circuit allow you to change the output voltage in the range of 1.2-30 V, using a variable resistor P1. The allowable current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the choice of transformer.

Adjustment of the voltmeter is performed by a trimming resistor P2. To do this, set the current to 1 mA at an output voltage of the circuit of 30 V.

The more power is allocated on the microcircuit, the greater the difference between the input and output signals. To reduce heat, it requires a heatsink with a cooler.

A homemade board with an LM-317 chip is placed in a case - a computer power supply. A voltmeter and clamps to the output wires are installed on the front panel made of textolite.

Simple autoprobe

A probe for cars and other purposes should always be at hand at home, in the garage or on the road. The figure below shows a homemade scheme that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V.

The two indication circuits are connected in series to the battery and in parallel to each other. The first one consists of a resistor R1 and an LED HL1, which lights up when checking the voltage. At the same time, the battery is being charged.

Scheme and design: a) a homemade circuit that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V; b) homemade design autoprobe

When the circuit is being tested, current flows from the battery through circuit HL2, R2. At the same time, the HL2 LED lights up. Its brightness will be greater, the lower the resistance of the circuit.

Like all homemade products, a structural probe can be made different ways, for example, put it in a transparent plastic case, which is easy to glue with your own hands.

Such devices are indispensable when repairing an electrical network or a household appliance at home. Crafts can be more complex and have additional features.

Electric appliances for heat treatment of meat products without the use of fuel are made for a small number of servings and can be used at home or in the country. To cook a shish kebab, with the help of an electric barbecue, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest, standing on the street at the barbecue.

In specialized stores, you can choose any device, but the price decides a lot. If you have the skills to handle electricity, it will be much cheaper to make an electric barbecue with your own hands.

Designs are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated using a spiral with a tungsten or nichrome filament. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.

Typical devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewers with the product around. They are attached to the top. It is advisable to make skewers in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slip down during cooking.

Type of vertical electric grill

For high-quality cooking of barbecue with your own hands, skewers should be placed as close as possible to the heater, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not fry, but will dry.

Pieces of the product, no larger than 40 mm in size, are mounted on a skewer, which is placed vertically around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the coil is heated.

The basis of the heater is a heat-resistant ceramic tube, on which a spiral is wound. Mounting at the bottom is done using a special cartridge.

In the round base, special cups are attached to collect fat and a frame that serves to hold the skewers vertically.

Cups are made from stainless steel. From below, they have cruciform protrusions, which are inserted into the slots of the base. Inside they have mounted devices for attaching skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers vertically.

The connection must be strong and at the same time easy to disassemble for cleaning. You can make a common removable tray for all skewers.

The cross section of the supply wire is selected according to the power of the heater (2.5 or 4 mm 2). At home or in the country, there should be a 16 A socket for it.

timer for watering plants

Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of a site from a container to certain time. They can be connected to valves with any capacity.

Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then the old wall clock comes to the rescue, which is in good condition, but is no longer used at home. Small magnets are attached to the ends of the minute and hour hands, and 3 reed switches on the dial.

Timer scheme for watering plants, in which a wall clock is applied

As soon as the hour hand reaches the number 7, and the minute hand reaches 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 hours, the reed switches SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the solenoid valve. After 2 hours, the hands will move to 9 and 12, and the current through the contacts of the reed switches SA1 and SA2 will be supplied to close the valve.

The diagram shows a "rain sensor", which in wet weather closes the transistor VT1 and the valve remains permanently closed. Manual control of the solenoid valve is also provided through the buttons S1 and S2.

The clock can be set to any time the valve is turned on.

Car with remote control

Homemade radio-controlled models capture not only children, but also adults. They can be used to play at home or arrange real competitions in the yard. To assemble with your own hands, you will need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a body.

There is a large assortment on sale, but first of all, you need to decide which machine is best to make. The control panel can be wired or radio controlled.

When choosing parts, you should pay attention to their quality. There should be no notches, inclusions and other mechanical defects on the plastic. The wheels are sold with the chassis and should turn easily. Grip with the surface is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels in this regard are much worse.

It is better for a beginner to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than an internal combustion engine. You can choose any case or make according to your sketch.

The motor, battery and radio unit with antenna are mounted on the chassis of a mini-car. If a kit with accessories is purchased, assembly instructions are included with it.

After installing the parts, the operation of the motor is regulated. The body on the chassis is installed after everything works.

You can assemble mini-copies at home as follows:

the car is assembled carefully and by common efforts;
materials of parts of the model may differ from the original;
small and insignificant details can be omitted.

The model can be made without looping on a certain brand of car. Much depends on finances and the availability of free time. Assembling a mini-car at home with a child is of great educational value.

Work on assembling the car model is carried out according to plan. Some parts need to be bought, but old toys can be used.

The motor must match the weight of the device in terms of power. Fresh batteries or accumulators are used for power.

If you use a special autoconstructor, crafts can be very diverse. Assembly sequence:

the frame is assembled first;
the motor is mounted and adjusted;
a power supply is installed;
an antenna with a radio unit is fixed;
wheels are installed and adjusted.

Types of radio-controlled car models

Many homemade tricks are revealed in this video.

Electronic homemade products can make life more comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find a use for old electrical appliances so that they do not gather dust in the pantry without a purpose. Useful do-it-yourself crafts often turn out to be better than factory-made products.

Schemes of homemade measuring instruments

The circuit of the device, developed on the basis of a classic multivibrator, but instead of load resistors, transistors with the opposite main conductivity are included in the collector circuits of the multivibrator.

It's good if your lab has an oscilloscope. Well, if it is not there and it is not possible to buy it for one reason or another, do not worry. In most cases, it can be successfully replaced by a logic probe, which allows you to control the logical levels of signals at the inputs and outputs of digital integrated circuits, determine the presence of pulses in the controlled circuit and reflect the information received in visual (light-color or digital) or audio (tonal signals of various frequencies). ) forms. When setting up and repairing structures based on digital integrated circuits, it is far from always so necessary to know the characteristics of the pulses or the exact values of the voltage levels. Therefore, logic probes make it easy to set up, even if you have an oscilloscope.

A huge selection of different pulse generator circuits is presented. Some of them form a single pulse at the output, the duration of which does not depend on the duration of the triggering (input) pulse. Such generators are used for a wide variety of purposes: simulating the input signals of digital devices, when checking the performance of digital integrated circuits, the need to supply a certain number of pulses to a device with visual control of processes, etc. Others generate sawtooth and rectangular pulses of various frequencies, duty cycles and amplitude

Repair of various units and devices of low-frequency radio-electronic equipment and technology can be greatly simplified if you use a function generator as an assistant, which makes it possible to investigate the amplitude-frequency characteristics of any low-frequency device, transients and nonlinear characteristics of any analog devices, and also has the ability to generate rectangular pulses. form and simplify the process of setting up digital circuits.

When setting up digital devices, one more device is definitely needed - a pulse generator. An industrial generator is a rather expensive device and is rarely on sale, but its analogue, although not so accurate and stable, can be assembled from available radio elements at home

However, the creation of a sound generator that produces a sinusoidal signal is not an easy and rather painstaking task, especially in terms of adjustment. The fact is that any generator contains at least two elements: an amplifier and a frequency-dependent circuit that determines the frequency of oscillations. It is usually connected between the output and input of the amplifier, creating a positive feedback(POS). In the case of an RF generator, everything is simple - a single-transistor amplifier and an oscillatory circuit that determines the frequency are enough. For the audio frequency range, it is difficult to wind the coil, and its quality factor turns out to be low. Therefore, in the audio frequency range, RC elements are used - resistors and capacitors. They filter the fundamental harmonic of the oscillations rather poorly, and therefore the sinusoidal signal turns out to be distorted, for example, limited in peaks. To eliminate distortion, amplitude stabilization circuits are used that support low level generated signal, when the distortion is not yet noticeable. It is the creation of a good stabilizing circuit that does not distort the sinusoidal signal that causes the main difficulties.

Often, having assembled the structure, the radio amateur sees that the device is not working. After all, a person does not have sense organs that allow him to see an electric current, an electromagnetic field, or processes occurring in electronic circuits. Radio measuring instruments help to do this - the eyes and ears of a radio amateur.

Therefore, some means of testing and checking telephones and loudspeakers, audio frequency amplifiers, various sound recording and sound reproducing devices are needed. Such a tool is amateur radio circuits for audio frequency signal generators, or, more simply, a sound generator. Traditionally, it produces a continuous sinusoidal signal, the frequency and amplitude of which can be changed. This allows you to check all ULF stages, find faults, determine the gain, take amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) and much more.

A simple amateur radio home-made prefix is considered that turns your multimeter into a universal device for checking zener diodes and dinistors. PCB drawings available

So. Life has turned out so that I have a house in the village with gas heating. You can't live there permanently. The house is used as a summer cottage. A couple of winters stupidly left the boiler on with a minimum coolant temperature.
But there are two downsides.
1. Gas bills are astronomical.
2. If there is a need to come to the house in the middle of winter, the temperature in the house is around 12 degrees.
Therefore, something had to be invented.
I'll clarify right away. The presence of a WI-FI access point in the relay coverage area is mandatory. But, I think, if you get confused, you can put a connected mobile phone next to the sensor and give out a signal from the phone.

Do-it-yourself motion sensor connection 4 pins diagram

Do-it-yourself motion sensor connection diagram

It happens that you need to install lighting in the country, or in the house, which will be triggered when moving or a person or someone else.

The motion sensor, which was ordered by me from Aliexpress, works well with this function. The link to which will be below. By connecting light through the motion sensor, when a person passes through his field of vision, the light turns on, burns for 1 minute. and turns off again.

In this article I tell you how to connect such a sensor if it does not have 3 contacts, but 4 like this one.

Do-it-yourself power supply from an energy-saving light bulb

When to get 12 volts for led strip , or for some other purpose, there is an option to make such a power supply with your own hands.

DIY fan speed controller

This regulator allows smooth adjustment variable resistor fan speed.

The floor fan speed controller circuit came out the simplest. To get into the body old charger Nokia phone. There also climbed the terminals from a conventional electrical outlet.

The installation is quite tight, but this was due to the size of the case.

DIY lighting for plants

There is a problem with the lack of lighting. plants, flowers or seedlings, and there is a need for artificial light for them, and this is the light we can provide DIY LEDs.

DIY brightness control

It all started with the fact that after I installed halogen lamps at home for lighting. When turned on, they often burned out. Sometimes even 1 bulb a day. Therefore, I decided to make a smooth turn-on of lighting based on a dimmer with my own hands, and I am attaching a dimmer circuit.

Do-it-yourself refrigerator thermostat

It all started with the fact that after returning from work and opening the refrigerator found it warm. Turning the thermostat knob did not help - the cold did not appear. Therefore, I decided not to buy a new unit, which is also rare, but to make an electronic thermostat on the ATtiny85 myself. With the original thermostat, the difference is that the temperature sensor is on the shelf, and not hidden in the wall. In addition, 2 LEDs appeared - they signal that the unit is on or the temperature is above the upper threshold.

DIY soil moisture sensor

This device can be used for automatic watering in greenhouses, flower greenhouses, flower beds and indoor plants. Below is a diagram by which you can make the simplest sensor (detector) of soil moisture (or dryness) with your own hands. When the soil dries out, voltage is applied, with a current of up to 90mA, which is quite enough, turn on the relay.

It is also suitable for automatically turning on drip irrigation to avoid excess moisture.

Fluorescent lamp power circuit

Power supply circuit for a fluorescent lamp.

Often on failure energy-saving lamps, it burns power plan, and not the lamp itself. As known, LDS with burned-out filaments, it is necessary to feed the mains with rectified current using a starterless starting device. In this case, the filaments of the lamp are shunted with a jumper and to which a high voltage is applied to turn on the lamp. There is an instantaneous cold ignition of the lamp, a sharp increase in voltage on it, when starting without preheating the electrodes. In this article, we will look at do-it-yourself LDS lamp start.

USB keyboard for tablet

Somehow, suddenly, he took something and decided to buy a new keyboard for his PC. The desire for novelty is unstoppable. Changed the background color from white to black, and the color of the letters from red - black to white. A week later, the desire for novelty naturally went away like water in the sand (an old friend is better than two new ones) and the new thing was sent to the closet for storage - until better times. And now they came for her, did not even imagine that it would happen so quickly. And therefore the name would be even better suited not which is, but how to connect usb keyboard to tablet