Software tester - what kind of profession is this? What is its essence? And how relevant is it? modern world? All these questions are quite appropriate, since IT professions are among the highest paid in the labor market today. Not to mention the fact that the development of such specialties provides a person with a stable future.

Software tester: what is it

Today, most electronic devices work correctly only thanks to the programs built into them. They are written by programmers of all stripes and levels of training. And believe me, their number is truly breathtaking. So, more than one thousand programs are created every day: from simple calculators to artificial intelligence for high-tech machines.

And, as in any production, the product cannot be released to the masses without first checking it for defects. So, software tester ( software) is a person who is engaged in field testing programs. At the same time, he can be either a full-time employee of the company, or a freelancer working for himself.

Why software testers are needed

When creating programs, various programming languages are used. It can be C++, JavaScript, Python, and so on. After the product is completed, the author himself checks it first. But, since he is the creator of the program, he cannot always objectively assess the quality of the goods received. Not to mention that he may simply not have enough time to modulate all possible ways its application.

And just at this stage, the software tester comes into play. It is he who takes care of all the operations associated with checking a new application. At the same time, unlike the programmer, the tester does not have access to program code. That is, he experiences the application as a simple user and is only occasionally endowed with special privileges.

Key Responsibilities of a Software Tester

A software tester is a profession that requires a thorough approach to business. Here you can’t work half-heartedly, as this will certainly affect the reputation of a specialist. As for the duties themselves, they consist of the following points:

Create a test plan. The software tester must think through all the use cases for the application in advance and recreate them. Moreover, the more experienced the specialist, the faster he can determine the most dangerous factors for the operation of the application.
software, through special automated tools. Like any other master, the tester has his own devices for optimizing and speeding up work. They are universal and, nevertheless, require preliminary development and practice.
Competent and systematized description of the problems and shortcomings found. The bottom line is that it's not enough to just spot a bug. In addition, you need to be able to correctly write a work protocol so that the programmer can understand what caused the failure and what part of his application is to blame for this.

It should be noted that quite often testers are combined into small groups. First of all, this is necessary in order to speed up the check or make it better. In this case, the work can be evenly distributed among all specialists. For example, some will be busy with the application interface, the second will look for errors in the calculations, and the third will simulate the most dangerous scenarios for the program.

Profession training

Anyone who is good "friends" with the exact sciences can become a software tester. Ideally, it is better to have a programmer's education, or at least understand the basics of writing applications. Based on this, this specialty is well suited for those who study in IT specialties. Firstly, it will help you gain experience and look at the work of other people, and secondly, it will bring additional income, which is also not bad.

However, it is possible to become a software tester without specialized education. In other words, learn everything on your own. Fortunately, today this is not a problem, since there are many educational courses on the network that can clearly demonstrate all the subtleties of this work.

In addition, you can try your luck and try to get into the prepared seminars that are held in many organizations that produce software. For example, GlobalLogic periodically conducts training courses specifically for software testers. Moreover, after graduating from them, a person can become one of her employees, and then start working in her state or remotely as a freelancer.

What skills should a self-respecting specialist have?

A software tester without experience can find a job, but a specialist who does not know the basics - never. However, what are they, the basics of the profession? What kind of knowledge base should every self-respecting tester have?

Firstly, such a specialist must be familiar with the basics of programming in order to be able to compete in the labor market.
Secondly, you will have to remember the principles of building software and administering the OS.
Third, learn how to work with common databases.
Fourthly, to learn a special language, which today is indispensable.

In addition, the tester must be proficient in English language, since it is dominant in the world of programming. Moreover, over time, you will have to bring it to the ideal level, as well as to study all the subtleties of the technical style.

Development of practical skills

Even if a software tester without work experience is quite a common occurrence, it is unlikely that such a specialist will be hired for a decent project. Therefore, having studied the basics of the profession, you should start developing practical skills and positive feedback.

To do this, you need to go to one of the sites that provide work for freelancers. Every day, more than a dozen suggestions related to checking the health of applications are posted there. At the same time, there are many orders for beginners who do not require work experience or special programming skills.

Thus, in a month or two, you can make good progress in your business and earn some reputation. The only negative is that such orders are often poorly paid. But you will have to come to terms with this, since in the future such deprivations will be able to bring much more profitable orders, which will more than pay off the efforts spent.

Where to look for a profitable job

So, let's say you are already an experienced software tester: where to start looking for a promising job? Well, the first thing to do is to look at the ads on online labor exchanges and programmer forums. From time to time there come across good offers that can bring a stable income.

However, don't rely on luck alone. If you also have a good resume, then you can submit several applications to an IT company. Management loves motivated professionals, and therefore, such an initiative can bear fruit. Especially if you aim at those companies that produce high-quality software.

If you are unlucky with a permanent place at this stage, then you can become a freelancer. A well-proven software tester working remotely from home is able to earn no less than a full-time colleague. The only difference is that instead of one employer, he will have several.

Pros and cons of the profession

For those who love and modern technologies, this profession will seem very exciting and interesting. After all, every day you will have to face a new product that will soon be able to radically change the world. information technologies. In addition, the work is considered very prestigious and excludes any physical activity.

Also, many are pleased with the fact that this profession is equally well suited for both men and women. Moreover, it can be for those who, due to health problems, cannot get a harder job.

However, there are also disadvantages. Chief among them is high competition caused by a shortage of high-paying orders. You should also pay attention to the fact that the software tester spends a lot of time at the computer. At the same time, he does not just sit behind him, but is completely absorbed in what is happening on the monitor. Because of this, over the years, vision problems can occur, which is extremely unpleasant.

Salary

It is quite difficult to derive the arithmetic mean salary of a software tester. This is due to the fact that it depends on how lucky the specialist is. So, you can take one order for 10 thousand rubles and do it in a week, or you can get a job for 20 thousand rubles and not overcome it in a whole month.

And yet, we can say with confidence that the income of a novice tester varies between 10-15 thousand rubles per month. An experienced specialist can earn the same money twice as fast. And a full-time employee of a prestigious company receives about 40-45 thousand rubles at all.

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In our school, since 1999, technology has been taught in grades 5-9 according to the author's program and is the subject of deepening, along with computer science. Students learn without division into boys and girls. The program pays much attention to the study of simple mechanisms, pneumatic devices, devices that use wind and water energy, electrical and electronic devices etc. Different children come to school and in order to understand how information will be perceived, testing is sometimes necessary. An important indicator of the success of students learning technology is testing with the following indicators: low level- this is a solution of 8 problems, the average level - 11, and the high level - 13-14 problems. This testing is expected to be completed in 10 - 15 minutes.

Test to determine the level of technical thinking of a student

Option 1

1. The wheels shown in the picture are made of rubber. In order for wheel X to rotate in the indicated direction, the leading left must be rotated to the side:

2. Of the vehicles carrying liquid in the tank, currently slowing down:

1. machine A

2.machine B

3.machine C

1. 3. To support the load, it is enough:

6. If the lower wheel rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, then the X-axis will rotate:

1. in any direction

7. Gear rotates faster:

8. Easier to lift the load:

1. with rope A

2. with rope B

3. with both cables

9. Less stressed chain:

Which of the gears, A and B, rotates more slowly or do they rotate at the same speed?

If the small wheel rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, then the large wheel rotates:

After free movement along the specified line, the disk will stop:

There are three turbines in the river where the water flows in the direction indicated by the arrow. Water falls from pipes. Turbine spins faster

1. BUT

equally

Option 2

If the left gear turns in the direction indicated by the arrow, then the right gear will turn:

chain A is enough

enough chain B

both circuits are required

In the same direction as the pinion gear rotates:

Easier to drive the cart:

In the same direction as wheel X will rotate:

Bars A and B have the same cross-sectional area and are made of the same material. More weight can withstand:

If hot metal objects are taken out into the air, which one will cool faster:

The pole holds the cable more securely:

It is easier to lift a load of the same weight:

Materials and sections of cables are the same. Can withstand heavy loads:

Spins slower:

In order for the boats to stop near the shore, they must move further:

tractor A

tractor B

distance will be the same.

If the top wheel rotates in the direction of the arrow, then the suspended load will move:

If you roll a wooden disk with a metal circle inserted into it, it will stop:

Test Answers

1 option

Option 2

Used information resources

A. V. KRYLOV Diagnostics of the level of development of technical thinking. School and production. Journal. No. 5, 2002
kopilkaurokov.ru
easyen.ru

Special tests are used to study the ability of technical understanding. Test tasks are given in the form of pictures depicting simple models. The subject needs to answer questions that require an understanding of spatial relationships, etc.

On fig. 12 is a simple task taken from the Bennett Test of Mechanical Understanding for Technical Understanding. The subject is asked to answer the question which of the depicted workers is experiencing a greater load and enter the corresponding letter A or B into the answer form. If the subject believes that the loads are equal, then he must enter the letter C. into the form (Fig. 12).

Rice. 12. Which workers are under the most stress?

These tests are aimed at revealing the knowledge and experience accumulated by the examinee.

Consider some tasks for understanding spatial relationships.

1. Bennett's Mechanical Intelligence Test

The stimulus material is represented by 70 simple physical and technical tasks, most of which are presented in the form of drawings. The text of the question (picture) is followed by three possible answers to it, and only one of them is correct. The subject must choose and indicate the correct answer by writing on separate sheet the number of the task and the number of the chosen answer. The technique belongs to the so-called speed tests. 25 minutes are allotted for the total completion of all tasks.

You can complete tasks in any order. The procedure for calculating the results obtained is quite simple and consists in awarding 1 point for each correctly completed task. Translation into standard scales is not carried out, the interpretation is carried out in accordance with the norms obtained on a specific sample of subjects (Fig. 13 a, b)

Tasks for the Bennett test

Fig.13a. Exercise 1

I. If the left gear turns in the direction indicated by the arrow, in which direction will the right gear turn?

3. I don't know.

Rice. 13b. Task 2

II. Which track must move faster in order for the tractor to turn in the direction indicated by the arrow?

1. Caterpillar A.

2. Caterpillar V.

3. I don't know.

2. Tasks to identify the features of technical imagination.

Task 1. A drawing is given that shows a figure: a) facade (main view) and b) top view. It is necessary to draw a third view - from the side, and then give a general view (Fig. 14).

Rice. 14. Figure drawing

Note. This item has two options. The answer is given in Appendix No. 7.

Task 2. This detail consists of two parts. From all sides, a cut in the form of a “dovetail” is visible. How can it be divided? (There are two answers) (Fig. 15).

Rice. 15. General view of the part

The answer is given in Appendix No. 8.

Such methods are focused on identifying the technical abilities of the subjects, both adolescents and adults.

Task 3. Not all bricks are visible in the presented figures. Count how many bricks are in each block (Figure 16).

Rice. 16. Fragments of brickwork

It is expedient for a psychologist practicing at an enterprise or in a vocational school to accumulate such tasks for technical thinking in order to create his own data bank over time. The subsequent correlation analysis between the results of solving technical tests by the subjects and the quality of their work can become a certain system of criteria for identifying technical abilities.

Comprehensive diagnostics
general abilities of teenagers
in the conditions of profile training

PART III

3. Diagnostics of the cognitive sphere

3.3. Bennett's mechanical comprehension test

This technique is focused on identifying the technical abilities of both adolescents and adults. Stimulus material - 70 tasks presented in the form of drawings. The text of the question (picture) is followed by three possible answers to it, and only one of them is correct. The subject must choose and indicate the correct answer by writing the number of the task and the number of the chosen answer on a separate sheet. 25 minutes are allotted for the total completion of all tasks.

1. If the left gear turns in the direction indicated by the arrow, in which direction will the right gear turn?

3. I don't know.

2. Which track must move faster in order for the tractor to turn in the direction indicated by the arrow?

1. Caterpillar A.

2. Caterpillar V.

3. I don't know.

3. If the top wheel is spinning in the direction of the arrow, in which direction is the bottom wheel spinning?

2. In both directions.

4. In what direction will the gear wheel move if the handle on the left is moved up and down in the direction of the dotted arrows?

1. Back and forth along the arrows A-B.

5. If two identical forces 1 and 2 act simultaneously on the round disk indicated in the figure, then in what direction will the disk move?

6. Are both chains shown in the picture necessary to support the load, or is only one sufficient? Which?

1. Chain A is enough.

2. Chain B is enough.

3. Both chains are needed.

7. There are three turbines in the river where the water flows in the direction indicated by the arrow. Water falls from the pipes above them. Which turbine will spin faster?

1. Turbine A.

2. Turbine V.

3. Turbine C.

8. Which wheel, A or B, will turn in the same direction as wheel X?

1. Wheel A.

2. Wheel B.

3. Both wheels.

9. What chain is needed to support the load?

10. Which gear rotates in the same direction as the drive gear? Or maybe none of the gears rotate in this direction?

1. Gear A.

2. Gear B.

3. None of them rotate.

11. Which of the axes, A or B, rotates faster, or do both axes rotate at the same speed?

1. Axis A rotates faster.

2. Axis B rotates faster.

3. Both axes rotate at the same speed.

12. If the bottom wheel is spinning in the direction of the arrow, which direction will the X-axis spin?

13. Which of the cars with liquid in the barrel slows down?

1. Machine A.

2. Machine B.

3. Machine C.

14. In what direction will the turntable, adapted for irrigation, rotate if water is put into it under pressure?

1. In both directions.

15. Which of the handles will be held under spring tension?

1. None will hold.

2. Handle A will be held.

3. Handle B will be held.

16. In which direction was the bed last moved?

3. I don't know.

17. The wheel and brake shoe are made from the same material. What wears out faster: a wheel or a pad?

1. The wheel will wear out faster.

2. The pad will wear out faster.

3. Both the wheel and the pad will wear out the same way.

18. Are the containers filled with liquids of the same density, or is one of the liquids denser than the other (the balls are the same)?

1. Both liquids are the same density.

2. Liquid A is denser.

3. Liquid B is denser.

19. In which direction will the fan rotate under the pressure of air?

3. In both directions.

20. In what position will the disk stop after free movement along the specified line?

1. In whatever.

2. In position A.

3. In position B.

21. Which scissors are easier to cut a sheet of iron?

1. Scissors A.

2. Scissors V.

3. Scissors C.

22. Which wheel of a wheelchair rotates faster when the wheelchair is moving?

1. Wheel A is spinning faster.

2. Both wheels rotate at the same speed.

3. Wheel B spins faster.

23. How will the shape of a sealed thin-walled can change if it is heated?

1. As shown in picture A.

2. As shown in figure B.

3. As shown in figure C.

24. Which gear rotates faster?

1. Gear A.

2. Gear B.

3. Gear C.

25. Which ball will collide with ball X if it hits the obstacle in the direction indicated by the solid arrow?

1. With ball A.

2. With ball B.

3. With ball C.

26. Assuming that the wheels shown are made of rubber, in which direction should the drive (left) wheel be rotated in order for wheel X to rotate in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow?

27. If the right gear rotates in the direction of the arrow, in which direction does the top gear rotate?

3. I don't know.

28. The weights of figures A, B and C are the same. Which one is harder to knock over?

1. Figure A.

2. Figure B.

3. Figure C.

29. What pieces of ice can cool a glass of water faster?

1. A piece in picture A.

2. Pieces in picture B.

3. A piece in the picture C.

30. Which picture correctly depicts a bomb falling from an airplane?

1. In picture A.

2. In the picture B.

3. In picture C.

31. In which direction will this car move along the arrow at the turn?

1. In any direction.

2. Towards A.

3. Toward B.

32. There is ice in the container. How will the water level change compared to the ice level after it melts?

1. The level will increase.

2. The level will decrease.

3. The level will not change.

33. Which of the stones, A or B, is easier to move?

1. Stone A.

2. Efforts must be the same.

3. Stone V.

34.

35. Are both boxes the same weight or is one lighter?

1. Box A is lighter.

2. Drawer B is lighter.

3. Boxes of the same weight.

36. Bars A and B have the same sections and are made of the same material. Which of the bars can support more weight?

1. Both will withstand the same load.

2. Bar A.

3. Bar B.

37. To what height will the water rise from the hose if it is released from tanks A and B, filled to the top?

1. As shown in picture A.

2. As shown in figure B.

3. Up to the height of the tanks.

38. Which of these all-metal objects will cool faster if they are taken out hot into the air?

1. Subject A.

2. Subject B.

3. Item C.

39. In what position will a wooden disk with a metal circle inserted into it stop if the disk is rolled?

1. In position A.

2. In position B.

3. In any position.

40. Where will the stick break if you sharply press on its end from the left?

1. In place A.

2. In place B.

3. In place C.

41. On which container are the risks denoting equal volumes correctly applied?

1. On tank A.

2. On tank B.

3. On container C.

42. Which picture correctly depicts water pouring out of the holes in a vessel?

1. In Figure A.

2. In Figure B.

3. Figure C.

43. Which bag will melt the ice cream faster?

1. In package A.

2. In package B.

3. The same.

44. How will the suspended load move if the upper wheel rotates in the direction of the arrow?

1. Broken down.

2. False up.

3. Continuously up.

45. Which of the wheels made of the same material will spin longer if they are spun to the same speed?

1. Wheel A.

2. Wheel B.

3. Wheel C.

46. What is the easiest way to carry a stone on a smooth road?

1. Method A.

2. Method B.

3. Method C.

47. In what direction will the water move in the gear pump system if its gear rotates in the direction of the arrows?

1. Towards A.

2. Toward B.

3. In both directions.

48. Which type of gear makes it harder to climb a mountain on a bicycle?

1. When transferring type A.

2. When transferring type B.

3. When transferring type C.

49. There is sand at the bottom of the tank. On top of it - pebbles (pebbles). How will the level of filling in the tank change if pebbles and sand are mixed?

1. The level will increase.

2. The level will decrease.

3. The level will remain the same.

50. The toothed rack X moves half a meter in the direction indicated by the arrow. How far will the center of the gear move?

1. At 0.16 m.

2. At 0.25 m.

51. Which of the gears, A or B, rotates slower or do they rotate at the same speed?

1. Gear A rotates more slowly.

2. Both gears rotate at the same speed.

3. Gear B rotates more slowly.

52. Which of the horses must run faster on the turn so that the other does not overtake it?

1. Horse A.

2. Both must run at the same speed.

3. Horse V.

53. From which faucet should a jet of water flow more strongly if they are opened at the same time?

1. From faucet A.

2. From faucet B.

3. Both are the same.

54. When is it easier to lift a load of the same weight?

1. In case A.

2. In case B.

3. In both cases it is equally easy.

55. These bodies are made of the same material. Which one has the least weight?

3. Both bodies are the same in weight.

56. At what point is the ball moving faster?

1. At both points, A and B, the speed is the same.

2. At point A, the speed is greater.

3. At point B, the speed is greater.

57. Which of the two rails should be higher on the turn?

1. Rail A.

2. Rail V.

3. Both rails must be the same height.

58. How is the weight distributed between hooks A and B?

1. The force of gravity on both hooks is the same.

2. On hook A, gravity is greater

3. Hook B has more gravity.

59. Which pump valves are in the correct position?

1. Pump A.

2. Pump B.

3. Pump C.

60. Which axis rotates the slowest?

61. The material and sections of cables A and B are the same. Which one will take the most load?

3. Both cables will withstand the same load.

62. Which of the tractors must move further in order for the boats to stop at the shore?

1. Tractor A.

2. Tractor V.

3. Both tractors should drive off the same distance.

63. Which of the gates has the support cable fixed better?

1. Both gates are fixed equally well.

2. Gate A is better secured.

3. Gate B is better fixed.

64. Which hoist is easier to lift a load?

1. Talyu A.

2. Talyu V.

3. Both hoists are the same.

65. On the middle axle is a drive wheel that rotates the cones. Which one will spin faster?

1. Cone A.

2. Both cones will rotate in the same way.

3. Cone B.

66. If the small wheel rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, how will the large wheel rotate?

2. In both directions.

67. Which of the cables holds the pole more securely?

68. Which of the winches is more difficult to lift the load?

1. Winch A.

2. Both winches are the same.

3. Winch V.

69. If it is necessary to support a bridge built across a river with a steel cable, then how is it more expedient to fix the cable?

1. As shown in fig. BUT.

2. As shown in fig. IN.

3. As shown in fig. FROM.

70. Which circuit is less stressed?

3. Both circuits are equally stressed.

Note. Each correctly solved task is worth 1 point.

Number tasks	Right answer	Number tasks	Right answer	Number tasks	Right answer
1	2	25	2	48	1
2	2	26	2	49	2
3	1	27	1	50	3
4	3	28	3	51	2
5	2	29	2	52	1
6	2	30	1	53	2
7	3	31	3	54	1
8	3	32	2	55	1
9	2	33	1	56	2
10	3	34	3	57	1
11	2	35	1	58	1
12	2	36	3	59	2
13	3	37	2	60	1
14	3	38	3	61	2
15	2	39	1	62	1
16	2	40	2	63	3
17	2	41	1	64	2
18	3	42	2	65	1
19	2	43	2	66	2
20	3	44	1	67	3
21	2	45	3	68	1
22	1	46	1	69	2
23	3	47	1	70	1
24	3

Comparative indicators
test performance by high school students

Groups test subjects	The level of development of general technical abilities
Groups test subjects	very short	short	middle	tall	very tall
Youths	less than 26	27–32	33–38	39–47	over 48
Girls	less than 17	18–22	23–27	28–34	over 35

3.4. Intellectual lability test

The "Intellectual lability" technique is used to study lability, that is, the ability to switch attention, the ability to quickly move from solving one task to performing another without making mistakes, predicting the success of mastering a new type of activity. In order to diagnose the abilities of adolescents for activities that require a good shift of attention (the work of an accountant, economist, secretary), we present a shortened version of the methodology (modified by G.V. Rezapkina), consisting of 30 tasks, while the traditional version for adults includes 40 more difficult tasks. The technique has a high level of information content and accuracy in predicting success in learning.

Students must complete simple tasks in a limited period of time (three seconds), which the psychologist reads at the usual pace, loudly and clearly. The guys should be warned not to look at each other in notebooks and not ask to repeat the task, otherwise its meaning will be lost.

Instruction. The work you will be doing requires concentration and speed of action. Before you is a form divided into thirty squares. Each square is a simple task that you must complete in just three seconds. The task is not repeated. If you haven't completed it yet, move on to the next one.

1. Write the first letter of the name Sergey and the last letter of the first month of the year.

2. Write the word "par" so that any one letter is written in a triangle.

3. Divide the quadrilateral with two vertical and two horizontal lines.

4. Draw a line from the first circle to the fourth so that it passes under circle 2 and above circle 3.

5. Put "+" in the triangle, and "1" in the rectangle.

6. Divide the third circle into two parts.

7. Write the penultimate letter of your full name.

8. Connect the dots with a straight line and put a "+" in the smaller triangle.

9. Cross out the vowels.

10. Extend the sides of the trapezoid until they intersect each other.

11. Connect points 2, 4 and 5.

12. Cross out the odd numbers and underline the even ones.

13. Under the letter A, put an arrow pointing down, under the letter B - an arrow pointing up, under the letter C - a tick.

14. If the words "house" and "oak" begin with the same letter, put a minus between the diamonds.

15. Put 0 in the upper left corner of the rectangle, plus in the lower right corner.

16. Underline the check marks and cross out the sticks.

17. If the third letter in the word "gift" is not "And", write down the sum of the numbers 3 and 5.

18. In the word "salute" circle the consonants, and in the word "rain" cross out the vowels.

19. Divide 54 by 9 and write the result in a rectangle.

20. Circle the repeating numbers.

21. Cross out circles without numbers, underline circles with numbers.

22. Put a plus under the consonants, and a minus under the vowels.

23. Write the word "peace" so that the first letter is written in a rectangle, and the last letter is in a circle.

24. Above the line, put an arrow pointing up, and below the line - an arrow pointing to the left.

25. Enclose the letter "M" in a square, "K" in a circle, "O" in a triangle.

26. Write in the rectangle the sum of the numbers 5 and 2.

27. Cross out the numbers that are divisible by 3.

28. Put a tick in the circle, and the number 3 in the rectangle.

29. Circle the even numbers.

30. Put odd numbers in brackets.

Test processing consists in counting the number of errors. A missed task is considered an error. Translation into standard scales is not carried out, the interpretation is carried out in accordance with the norms obtained on a specific sample of subjects. A high result correlates with pronounced abilities for planning and economic activity.

LITERATURE

Rezapkina G.V. Psychology and choice of profession. - M., 2006.

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