With the beginning of the new year, it is quite natural for each of us to start thinking about our future and career options. For several years now, our site has been annually publishing a rating of the most popular programming languages.
Note that the TIOBE rating does not at all judge the quality or universality for learning a programming language; the main criterion for selecting an index is the number of search queries for each specific language. That is, the more a particular programming language is searched through the world's most popular search engines (Google, Yahoo !, Baidu, Wikipedia, YouTube), the higher it will be in the ranking.
- Python
- VisualBasic.NET
- JavaScript
- Delphi / Object Pascal
- Assembly
- Visual basic
- Swift
- Objective-C
- Groovy
- MATLAB
- PL / SQL
Now let's dwell on the 10 most interesting programming languages in our opinion. Note that in our top ten there are two languages not included in the TOP10 TIOBE: Objective-C and SQL. The first, Objective-C, did not make it to the TOP 10 only because some of the search queries were taken over by the new "Apple" programming language Swift. The second, SQL, we decided to include because of its importance, since it is thanks to it that the interaction of a person and databases occurs, without which it is impossible to imagine the existence of a modern website today.
Java
Difficulty: 3/5
About language: First, let's note that Java is not a sort of coffee, but the name of a programming language that has been actively used since the 90s of the last century. Despite the fact that this language is open, i.e. anyone can freely use it, currently owned and supported by Oracle Corporation. Java was developed as a programming language that will be used on any device, as a result, programs are written in this language for computers, smartphones and even TVs with SMART-TV technology.
Why should I teach him: Java is one of the most popular programming languages. Both large and small businesses are full of software written in this language. Therefore, if you have an idea for an innovative business program, Java is quite possibly the most suitable language for this. The same applies to the development of applications for the Android platform, since Java is the main language for writing programs among developers for the Google operating system.
Sample programs: Many popular Android applications such as Angry Birds, Temple Run and Candy Crush Saga are written in Java. The same applies to most of the paid software written for airlines, government and banking institutions.
C
Difficulty: 3/5
About language: A large number of people in the programming community consider the C language to be the "grandfather" of all modern programming languages. There are two reasons for this view. First, the C language was developed in the 70s of the last century, when computers could occupy entire rooms. Secondly, a large number of modern languages, such as Java, C ++ and Python, were created under the influence of the C language.However, despite its venerable age, the C language continues to be actively used, and it will be a long time before this language begins to lose its popularity.
The C language employs a technique that minimizes memory usage as much as possible.
Why should I teach him: Most good programmers know a lot of programming languages. If you also don't want to stop at one language, starting your learning with C is a good idea. As with all things worthwhile, learning C will be difficult for most at first. However, this should not be a limiting factor, since after C, all other modern languages such as Objective C, C ++, PHP and many others will be much easier for you to learn.
Sample programs: As you probably already realized, C is a very powerful programming language. Because of its power, C is just perfect for when you need to take complete control of the program you are writing. That is why most of today's popular operating systems, such as Windows, OSX and Linux, are written in C. Almost all computerized devices, in whole or in part, use the C language in their work. From microwaves, remote controls and calculators to databases and Shuttle control mechanisms - the C language is so universal that it is used almost everywhere.
C ++
Difficulty: 5/5
About language: In short, C ++ is still the same C, but only with a large set of options. While both of these languages are viewed as general-purpose programming languages, C is more commonly used in the development of "machine-friendly" software such as operating systems, while C ++ is used for higher-level applications such as accounting programs and video game engines.
Why should I teach him: For large projects like developing a web browser, building a video driver, or writing an algorithm for financial trading, C ++ is the best option. This language has such a quality as object-oriented programming, which is very difficult to maintain in C. Due to this, for some tasks C ++ is more suitable than C, since it will help to solve the same task in less time.
Sample programs: The engines of most popular computer games today, such as Call of Duty, Halo and FIFA, are written in C ++. Also, large animation studios like Pixar, Disney and DreamWorks use C ++ to some extent in their animation software. Because of its reliability and speed, C ++ is also used to develop proprietary high-frequency trading algorithms that allow Wall Street firms to sell thousands of shares in a fraction of a second.
C #
Difficulty: 3/5
About language: C # was developed in the early 2000s as a general-purpose language for Microsoft products. C # can be used both for developing standard Windows applications and for server-side web applications. This language is part of the so-called "Microsoft" family .NET, which includes a number of other languages, which are sometimes combined with C # when developing large projects.
Why should I teach him: If you want to create applications for Windows platform or are interested in creating a website that will run on a Windows server, then learning C # is a great choice. Despite the fact that this language is not as popular as PHP or Java, C # has shown an increase in demand every year since its inception.
Sample programs: Since C # was developed by Microsoft for its products, it is reasonable to assume that web applications such as Bing and MSN use this language. In addition, C # is used to write programs for smartphones running on the Windows Phone platform.
Python
Difficulty: 1/5
About language: Python is a general-purpose programming language that appeared in the 90s of the last century. The main distinguishing feature of this language is its incredible readability, which makes Python ideal for beginners. Despite being relatively easy to learn, you can do quite interesting things with Python, including web development, 3D rendering, and scientific computing.
Why should I teach him: You should definitely try learning Python if you want to jump straight into programming with ease. Unlike low-level languages such as C and Java, you will spend relatively less time learning Python. That is why many people now consider Python to be the most suitable programming language for beginners.
Sample programs: Instagram, YouTube, and Reddit are prime examples of what Python is capable of. Note that as the popularity of these services increased, so did the number of technologies used in them, however, despite this, Python continues to play a key role in the launch of these sites.
PHP
Difficulty: 2/5
About language: PHP is another cousin of C. It is even written in C. As a result, PHP inherits some of the power of its older progenitor. Languages like C are used for low-level development, while PHP is built for building web applications like Facebook.
Why should I teach him: If you come up with an idea for a new website, languages like PHP are much more practical and versatile than C or C ++. Moreover, if you are new to programming but want to learn how to create web applications as quickly as possible, PHP is without a doubt a great start.
Sample programs: PHP is used on over two hundred million websites around the world, which speaks for itself about its popularity. What's more, the popular WordPress engine - which powers millions of blogs, news portals, online stores and more - is written entirely in PHP.
JavaScript
Difficulty: 2/5
About language: People who are just getting acquainted with programming languages often do not know that there is any difference between Java and JavaScript. This language was originally called ECMAScript, but due to the then growing popularity of the Java language, the creators of JavaScript decided to rename their brainchild in order to attract as many people as possible. Note that apart from the name, both languages have very little in common.
Why should I teach him: If you are interested in front-end web design, then you should definitely learn JavaScript. This language is used to give interactivity to web pages. Without JavaScript, pages look lifeless, while with it you can figuratively "animate" the pages by adding animation, and improving its overall (site) manageability through the web interface. Despite the fact that in most cases JavaScript is used for front-end development, thanks to frameworks like Node.js you can create back-end applications as well.
Sample programs: JavaScript is used by 88% of websites worldwide. When you find out the number of websites working today all over the world, you will understand that 88% is very, very much. Be aware that when you enter a web page you see a dropdown menu, hover effects, and other animations - be aware that JavaScript is used here.
Ruby
Difficulty: 2/5
About language: Ruby (like Python) is a lightweight yet powerful programming language. Note that although Ruby appeared around the same time as Python, it was not very popular until after its Rails framework was developed. A framework in computer programming means an addition to a language that can greatly simplify or speed up the development of applications. The Rails framework has made web development incredibly intuitive.
Why should I teach him: As we wrote above, Ruby is very similar to Python. At the same time, Ruby has a coding style that not all programmers like, which automatically makes it less attractive than Python. However, do not be prematurely intimidated, because as one of the Ruby developers noted, each programmer has his own special understanding of the attractiveness of the style of coding, so if one programmer prefers Python to Ruby, then another may, on the contrary, choose Ruby instead of Python.
Sample programs: Metasploit and Twitter, two completely different applications, are developed using the Ruby language. Metasploit is one of the most popular information security software used by tens of thousands of individuals and private companies to protect their data. Twitter is an internationally renowned microblogging site that was written using Ruby and its Rails framework.
SQL
Difficulty: 3/5
About language: SQL is a special-purpose programming language. Special purpose languages, as the name suggests, are used for special purposes, as opposed to general purpose languages that we have talked about so far. SQL was designed to make it easier to work with information stored in a database.
Why should I teach him: If you want to manage information stored in databases, you should definitely learn SQL. Note that this language has many dialects, but as soon as you become well versed in one of them, it will not be difficult for you to understand and learn others.
Sample programs: Systems such as MySQL, Oracle and PostgreSQL are used to work with information stored in databases of hospitals, companies, government and banking institutions. "Communication" between the aforementioned programs and databases takes place just the same in the SQL language.
Objective-C
Difficulty: 3/5
About language: Objective-C can be considered a C # language in the OSX and iOS world. Apple introduced Objective-C in the 80s of the last century, when the company was just on its way to becoming. Since then, Objective-C has become the de facto programming language in which all software for Apple devices, including the iPhone and iPod, was written.
Why should I teach him: If you are interested in writing programs for MacBook, iPhone or iPad, you will definitely have to learn Objective-C. Unlike open source languages like the C language, which you can freely use without any questions, the rights to Objective-C belong to Apple, so when working with this language you should definitely follow the rules set by its owner.
Sample programs: When you use any Apple device, know all applications running on it are written using Objective-C. For example, popular iPhone programs such as Uber, Instagram, and SnapChat rely entirely on Objective-C.
What do you think is the most popular programming language of 2016? Leave your comments below, it will be very interesting to discuss this topic!
Today there are a huge number of programming languages, and it is difficult to choose a specific one to study. To do this, you should evaluate several factors, including your preferences, and be interested in the technology industry and current trends. Entrepreneur Michael Garbeid reviewed a number of sources and identified the top three languages in demand in 2018.
The three most popular programming languages in 2018
Anna Samoydyuk1. JavaScript
JavaScript is a dynamic programming language that mainly allows websites to add interactivity. Many people advise to start learning programming with it.
Stack Overflow, a popular site where programmers share their skills, polls programmers every year and compiles statistics - from salaries to favorite technologies. In January 2018, the site surveyed over 100,000 developers.
A graph of the most popular programming languages, according to Stack Overflow:
JavaScript tops this list for the sixth year in a row.
GitHub, the largest web service for hosting IT projects, also cites JavaScript as the most popular programming language.
According to a Stack Overflow poll, JavaScript developers make about $ 55K a year. Programmers in the United States using this language earn about $ 98,000 a year.
Competition among programmers will only grow. It seems that modern children are born with already "stitched" knowledge! Therefore, there is no time to relax. To understand which programming languages will be in the top, you need to know the tasks that programmers will face in the foreseeable future.
The hottest destinations to see breakthroughs in the next decade are:
- Increase in the volume of transmitted data and models for their processing. The emergence of new optical and quantum computers with advanced capabilities.
- Development of human-machine interfaces and artificial intelligence technologies. Semantic systems that work with speech and languages (translation, Internet search, human-computer communication, etc.), as well as the distribution of software, which can be influenced by an ordinary user, will be more and more in demand.
- Development of neurointerfaces, incl. "Control of thought", various objects, transmission of sensations and experiences at a distance.
It is obvious that in all other spheres of human life information technologies will be used more and more densely. Therefore, staying on the sidelines means being left behind.
Promising programming languages from 2016 to 2025
| Programming language | Why is it needed? |
| R | With its help, you can process large amounts of data, make calculations and create graphical models. |
| Erlang | The main advantage is parallelism. If you need to serve millions of users, Erlang is indispensable. |
| Go | Developed by Google, which has many features and benefits. True, today not all programmers share confidence in its prospects, but time will tell. |
| Swift | The brainchild of Apple. As they themselves say about it: "This is the first powerful programming language, as easy to understand and fun as a scripting language." Primarily intended for iOS and OS X developers. |
Most popular programming languages 2016
| Programming language | What tasks does it help to solve? |
| SQL | It rightfully occupies the first line of the hit parade. The name itself « SQL "stands for « structured query language ". And requests, as you know, are everywhere. |
| Java | In twenty years of existence, Java « leaked all over the place. " Remove it from your computer or mobile device and you will collapse. |
| JavaScript | Like Java, it is ubiquitous and built into all major browsers. JavaScript is needed to create interactive experiences, so the demand for JavaScript developers is only growing. |
| C # (C Sharp) | Developed by Microsoft. Simple, secure and object oriented. C # belongs to a family of languages with a C-like syntax and is close to C ++ and Java. |
| C ++ | It is used for software development and is one of the most popular programming languages. Essential for building operating systems, drivers, application programs, high-performance servers, games, and more. |
| Python | You can write anything in Python: applications, games, complex payment systems, automation scripts, and much more! And the simplicity of the code makes further maintenance of the programs easier. Therefore, the possession of this programming language greatly facilitates the programmer's life and makes him more competitive. |
| PHP | It has the capabilities of complex scripting languages, but at the same time, it is surprisingly simple and easy to learn and use. Good for both beginners and experienced programmers. |
| Ruby on Rails | Ruby borrowed the best from other programming languages, and the Ruby on Rails framework made it even cooler. Be careful: they say it's addictive! |
| iOS / Swift | And now the future is neatly trickling into today's leaderboards. Remember we already talked about Swift as the language of the next decade? |
What destinations will be popular in the future?
Alexander Pryakhin (head of the web development department) noted that the programming market in 2026 will be determined by the following factors:
- "Internet of Things". You won't surprise anyone with a coffee machine with WiFi. Those. microcomputers and programming languages for them will develop.
- Reducing user waiting time. The speeds of life are increasing. And the user needs to place an order right now, and transferring money to the card should be simple and done in one click. Work speeds are determined by both hardware and software.
- IT services sector. SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, etc. Many people realize that using the service instead of buying a product is often much more profitable.
- Information threats. Computing power grows and falls in price every year. Encryption algorithms are becoming obsolete and hacking becomes easier. And a programming language must pay a lot of attention to security aspects.
It is not necessary that in 10 years new young languages will lead the market. Look at Java: the language is just gaining popularity. And all because with the strictness of the classical syntax, standardization and a high threshold of entry for beginners, the language has high performance, modern solutions and develops in step with the times.
Alexander Pryakhin
Head of Web Development Department
If you are a student or have just decided to start a career in the IT field and are 100% wondering which programming language should be chosen for a good career, then you just need to understand the current demand in the market.
Or look in the future - which will be in great demand in the next 5 years.
There have been a great many programming languages since the 1970s, but in fact, there are not so many in-demand languages.
The most in-demand programming languages in 2019
1 Java is one of the most popular languages for developing modern enterprise applications. Many frameworks have been created for Java, and therefore developers can create cool applications for a wide range of users.
2 Language C / C ++... It is a versatile choice for desktop software development, hardware accelerated games, and memory-intensive applications.
3 Objective C- this language will be useful to you if you are going to develop applications for Apple Mac OS X, as well as for iPhones, iPads. This language has become very popular since the release of the first iPhone in 2007.
4 Language C #(Sea Sharp). It is the most popular language for developing Windows applications right now, and very popular for mobile devices. And the game development engine (Unity 3D) also uses C # as one of the main languages.
5 Language PHP is an essential tool for building modern web applications. Most of the sites focused on a large amount of data are developed in PHP. For example, content management systems like WordPress.
6 Every modern site uses JavaScript... It is a key language for creating site interactivity or building user interfaces, and many popular JavaScript frameworks have been created. + there is a server side (NodeJS)
7 Ruby on Rails. This language is gaining popularity among startups as it is better suited for rapid web application development (compared to Java or .Net)
8 Python. Web applications, statistics, data analysis, user interfaces - there is a suitable Python framework for every task.
Advanced programming languages 2015-2025
Erlang... The main feature is parallelism! Large banks with millions of users use Erlang.
Language R. It is widely used for the development of statistical software.
Swift. Swift programming language is a new, faster and easier way to develop for Mac and iOS, compared to Objective-C.
Go. This language is developed by Google. The correct approach to building system software on multi-core computers ..
How to make a choice
We believe that the most important and important thing when choosing a programming language is only your own desire.
Desire for WHAT specifically, to program, to create.
So far, we highlight only a few areas: the corporate sector, web development, mobile development, system programming, working with bigdata
You will have to code for medium and large businesses, as well as for state corporations. These are mainly applications for electronic document management, automation, control, financial reporting, etc. A lot of money, enough work. There is a real demand for the best specialists.
Learn Java first. And databases (SQL language) are obligatory - Oracle, MSSQL.
Microsoft solutions in this area are also good. Learn C #, and indeed the entire .Net platform
Sometimes C ++
Web development
The most popular environment for beginner programmers.
Creation of websites, from simple to complex, online stores, functional web applications.
First, we learn HTML, CSS, JS. Then, we continue to develop into PHP + MySQL databases.
Also, a certain share of development falls on Ruby and sometimes even on MS solutions (ASP .Net)
The most popular development area.
We'll have to code for smartphones and tablets.
Programs are very diverse, from simple games to functional applications for corporations.
Everything is divided into 3 areas - Android, Apple, Windows.
Apple needs to know Objective C and Swift.
For Android - Java. For Windows - .Net
A bit tricky area for beginner programmers.
This is all related to system software, control systems.
Develop drivers, utilities, firmware, embedded software.
There is a lot to know.
C, C ++, Assembler.
Hardware device, operating systems, networks.
Brief conclusions about programming languages
Rating of programming languages 2015
Objective C, Swift, Ruby.
Python, Perl, Basic.
Perspectives
Prospects in the near future - Swift, Erlang, R, GO.
Choice
Like to code functional and useful business applications? - corporate, Java + SQL
I like developing games for mobile phones - in mobile development and game devs, Java, Swift.
I would like to try myself in this business - create a website, an online store, HTML + CSS + PHP + MySQL.
I like pieces of iron, know the device thoroughly - in system programming, C, C ++, Assembler.
Ranking 2015. In Russia and abroad. So different
Abroad
And therefore, the demand looks a little different.
In Russia
And since Russia lags behind the leading countries, it is quite possible that demand will shift in the other direction.
How can a beginner choose a programming language for a future job? Estimate the level of salaries? Demand? Which is easier to learn? Or take a close look at the popularity trend lines?
In fact, you can spend a lot of time choosing the best programming language. But as soon as it comes to personal acquaintance, it becomes necessary to change the favorite. Today, your attention will be offered a choice that should appeal to the absolute majority of novice geeks - a combination of ease of learning and being in demand in the labor market. These two arguments are relatively easy to reliably verify, so the result will be close to objectivity.
Criteria
We will arrange in places based on the demand rating. We will take a number of foreign articles (,,) as a base, while we will confirm the Russian reality with the help of the aggregators hh.ru and trud.com. The statistics, of course, are up-to-date on the day of writing the text, and are unlikely to change much before publication.
What we will not take into account is the level of salaries and the self-sufficiency of the language, simply because of the relativity of these criteria.
Swift
Formally, Swift, of course, is still not as in demand among employers as Objective-C, and it owes a lot to the common platform for getting into this rating. But it is absolutely impossible to ignore the perspective in this rating. Therefore, we recommend starting the study now. We invite you to a free two-hour session.
Let's take a look at the numbers of Russian HR agencies - 471 vacancies in Russia and the near abroad on hh.ru and 410 on trud.com. Very good for a three year old language. If you add Objective-C, you can safely multiply numbers by 3.
C / C ++
Calling C or C ++ easy to learn is not entirely correct, especially when compared to Python or Ruby. But in this case, it is worth talking about the huge amount of educational high-quality literature, about the fundamentality and that useful residue that will remain in your head, even if you do not connect your future life with them.
But if you still like the languages, then there are as many as 2,325 vacancies only in Russia on hh.ru and 12,543 on trud.com. At the same time, it is important for you to understand that if, in the case of the Swift language, these were vacancies exclusively for developers, then with C ++ you may need the language not only in the usual IT field, but also as a CNC operator and an auto electrician.
JavaScript
Not only is JavaScript extremely in demand in the modern world due to the crazy development of Internet technologies, but also thanks to modules and libraries, its zone of influence began to spread to all other IT-spheres.
Add to that the fact that JavaScript is relatively easy to learn. Borrowing basic things from C and gradually evolving from a bonus element for HTML and CSS to an independent power, he got a digestible syntax and logic of work very clear for a beginner.
And now to the demand: 6 365 vacancies only within Russia on hh.ru and 5 565 on trud.com. These are pretty good numbers for those who are determined to find a job after graduation.
Python
When it comes to the combination of lightness and relevance arguments (in that order), most developers think of Python first. This is a time-tested language and millions of learners, it saves valuable time both at the stage of learning and application. At the same time, the number of IT areas where you could need Python is not limited by anything at all. Many thanks to the fans, enthusiasts and the Python Software Foundation.
It is important to note that the demand for Python specialists is much higher abroad than in Russia. However, it will not be difficult to find a job here either: 2,325 vacancies in the open access according to hh.ru and 2,537 - trud.com.
Java
Java is a great language in every way. This is confirmed by the statistics of TIOBE, the most popular OS in the world, and simply by the fact that it is a fairly simple language with a very powerful ecosystem.
In terms of Russian reality, the relevance of Java is 4,628 points according to hh.ru and 4,490 - trud.com. Yes, these are not impressive results against the background of some previous applicants, but, firstly, this is due to the specifics of our IT market, secondly, the upward trend is strictly positive, thirdly Java will still be simpler than C / C ++.
SQL
Surely not such a leader you wanted to see, but formally there is nothing to complain about here. It is very difficult for you to avoid using a database in modern realities, and no one has yet come up with a tool that is more universal than SQL. It is this fact that allows this language to firmly sit in the first place in almost all such ratings.
The language of domestic numbers here does not reflect real demand too vividly, but it will not cause doubts about the leadership of SQL in this rating. In fact, he scored 8,303 internal vacancies on hh.ru, and 8,933 on trud.com.
P.S.
Looking at the rating published at the very beginning, you probably have a reasonable question: "Where are Perl and C #?" It's all about the very projection onto Russian reality. For example, Perl has 581 job results for hh.ru and 577 for trud.com. This, of course, is better than Swift, but the apple language has an obvious perspective, and the demand for Perl in Russia is likely to only decline.
Regarding C #, the situation is better here: 906 vacancies on hh.ru and over 16 thousand on trud.com. However, the second figure should not mislead you: among the vacancies, almost half of C / C ++ are developers with knowledge of C #, therefore, in terms of aggregate and fundamental importance, it was the first group of languages that was included in the title, and the second is modestly mentioned at the end.
